ALL INDIA BHUTIA ASSOCIATION
UNITING BHUTIA'S OF INDIA
The All India Bhutia Association or AIBA is an association of indigenous people of the hills, based in Darjeeling. The Association is currently meant for the different sub communities of Bhutia's residing in Darjeeling District for their over all welfare and social uplift.
The aims and objectives of the AIBA are laid down as follows:
- To educate our younger generation and others about Culture, Language and Religious customs.
- To protect our socio-politico-economic rights and interests in our homeland which are vanishing or fading in the fast changing world of ours..
- To protect, preserve and develop our unique social, culture, linguistic heritage and most importantly our ethnic identity.
- Our economic developments.
- Uplift and protect the weaker sections of our society.
To attain the aims and objectives of the Association, AIBA is in demand of a Bhutia Development Board which will play a major role in protection of our fast vanishing ethnic, culture and linguistic heritage before it is too late.
WE THE BHUTIA'S
In today's scenario the term Bhutia's refer to a group of people sharing a common intelligible dialect, common food habits, customs, culture and religion. They are said to have origins in the kingdom of Bhot and are found in the present Himalayan regions of Sikkim, Bhutan, Darjeeling, Nepal, Leh -Ladakh, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Himachal Pradesh.
With years of cultural assimilation each sub group of Bhutia's have developed their own unique physic and features, and their way of living.
Note: The legal definition of the term may however vary from place to place.
DEMAND FOR A BHUTIA DEVELOPMENT BOARD
A Telegraph article titled Bhutias' too want a board was published on the 4th of December 2013.
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| Delegation of AIBA meeting Honorable Chief Minister Ms. Mamta Banerjee at Delo Hill Tourist Lodge on 02/09/2014. |
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| Letter of Memorandum given to Honourable Chief Minister, Ms. Mamta Banerjee |
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| Letter of Memorandum given to Honourable Chief Minister, Ms. Mamta Banerjee |
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| Welcome letter to Hon'ble.Chief Minister,Shushri.Mamta Banerjee on 12/10/2014 and asking the decision taken on Bhutia Communities Future |
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| A Fax Letter addressed to Chief Minister's Office on 12/01/15 and on 13/01/15 by All India Bhutia Association,Darjeeling Division. Same has been faxed to Chief Secretary,W.B.Govt. |
LISTS OF KIDU MEETING'S HELD
- GDNS Library Hall, Darjeeling - 14/09/2014
- Bikash Primary School Hall,Tirpai Phatak,10 Mile, Kalimpong - 21/09/2014
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| Meeting of Bhutia Kidu in Darjeeling, c 1940 |
COMMUNITIES OF BHUTIA TRIBES
- DENZONGPA
- DRUKPA
- SHERPA
- SINGSHA
- TIBETAN
- WALUNG
- YOLMO
DENZONG-PA/ DENJONG-BO/ SIKKIMESE BHUTIA
History of DenjongSikkim as we know it today is just a small fragment of the Buddhist Kingdom that existed prior to the advent of the Namgyal dynasty. Historically territories of Sikkim include Darjeeling and Kalimpong. It's territories extended as far as the present day Malda of West Bengal in the South. It was part of the kingdom of the Pala ruler's of Bengal. The Vajrayana tradition of Buddhism that flourished in the Bhutia world evolved during the reign of the Pala's in this region. The composition of 'Dö-bum', the Bhutia book of remedy, bears testimony to this as it reflected the geography of this region.
The Buddhist land of the Palas was reclaimed in 1642 A.D. by the three great Lamas known as Gyalwa-Lat-chen-chenpo, Nga-dag-sempa-chenpo and Kathok-kintu-zangpo. The three Lamas came from three directions searching for a descendant of Ghe-Bumsa who was to be ordained as the Chogyal or the Dharma ruler.
Of the three, Nga-dag-sempa-chenpo who came from the south was probably a Bengali and belonged to a royal lineage, presumably the Pala's of Bengal. The lama is said to have told his colleagues that he belonged to the lineage of a king and could be a choice for the job if the divine candidate was not traceable.
However the great saints were guided by a higher call. They succeeded in spotting the man at Nam-Nam area of present day Gangtok. He was tending his cattle. His name was Pencho . He was taken to Yuksom and installed as the Chogyal of the new kingdom with the title of Namgyal. He became known by the name of Phüntshok Namgyal. The territories he inherited extended as far as Malda in the South and Phari in the North in Tibet. The extent of the territories in East and West is not known as there were no protecting deities. However, the protecting deities for the northern and southern boundaries have been the Zö-nga and Yabdü respectively.
Thus, Phüntshok became the temporal as well as spiritual leader of the Buddhist Kingdom of Sikkim. The three Lamas and the Chogyal were known as 'Naljor-che-ji' (four hermit friends).
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| Idol of Gyalwa-Lat-chen-chenpo as seen in Ging Monastery, Darjeeling |
It is said that when Buddhism in India was threatened by the revival of Hinduism. All Buddhist artifacts, places of worship and literature were buried underground and movable ones were transported across the Himalayas and into to Tibet. The buried treasures were called "Termo" and they were later revealed by the chosen ones. The "revealers" of these hidden treasures or time capsules were called Ter-tyon-Ling-pa. There are eight of these "Ter-tyon-Ling-Pa" of which two are associated with Denjong. The two are the Ter-Tyon-Dö-jom-Lingpa and Ter-Tyon-Dorji-Lingpa. The Ter-Tyon-Dorji-Lingpa was initially based at a place which later came to be known as Dorjeeling, a name derived from Dorji-Lingpa. There was a monastery of the lineage at this spot.
The Denzongpa's live isolated in different pockets and sub divisions of present day Darjeeling Sadar and Kalimpong.
SHERPAS
According to Oppitz (1968), Sherpas migrated from the Kham region in eastern Tibet to Nepal within the last 300–400 years.[4] On the other hand, Gautam (1994) concluded that Sherpa migrated from Tibet approximately 600 years ago, through the Nangpala pass. It is presumed that the group of people from Kham region, east of Tibet, was called as "Shyar Khamba" (People who came from easter...n Kham), and the place where they settled was called "Syar Khumbu". As the time passed the "Shyar Khamba", inhabitants of shyar Khumbu, were called as Sherpa.[5] A recent Nepal Ethnographic Museum (2001) study postulated that Sherpas were not migrants who crossed the border of Tibet to Nepal. This is because the modern political entity of Nepal was not in existence then. Only after the unification by P.N. Shah in 1768, then the Himalayan region of present day Nepal became an integral part of the kingdom of Nepal. Sherpas, like some other indigenous Kirat Nepalese tribes, would move from one place to another place of the Himalayan region as Alpine pastoralists and traders, since ancient times.[6]
YOLMO
Yolmos are a sub-group of the Tibetian found in the Himalayan foothills. Yolmos are spread out over Nepal and parts of Sikkim and Darjeeling district in India. Yolmos are also known as Kagatay as their traditional occupation was paper-making (kagat = paper). Yolmos believe their clan to originate from Hey-lambu near Kathmandu in Nepal. Etymologically, hey stands for potato and l...ambu means radish in the Yolmo patois, giving a vivid description of their early occupation as farmers. Their dress for the female members of the community is the Dorma and the Shayama, and the Suruwal and the Khanjak for the males members. Yolmos are predominantly Buddhist and speak in a tongue closely related to Tibetan.[citation needed] Yolmos are listed as (Bhutia) Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal and Sikkim, India.[1]
The indigenous people living in the Helambu region are known as Hyolmo. The name, Hyolmo, is made up of two words, Hyol, or high area surrounded by mountains, and Mo, or goddess. The Hyolmos have close cultural and linguistic relationship with the peoples of Kerung and Rongsthar region of Tibet, China, Bhutan, etc.
Helambu area in the north-west of Sindhupalchok district, east of Nuwakot district and in the south-east border of Rasuwa are the traditional homeland of Hyolmos. At present, about 500 families of Hyolmo live in Kathmandu, and a few have also settled in the United States and other countries. According to the census of 2001, the population of Hyolmos is 579, while those speaking the Hyolmo language is 3,986 and population is 1,00,000 is assumed including Hyolmo people living in Darjeeling, Gorkha, Lamjung, Chitwan etc.
The Hyolmo language is similar to a dialect of Tibetan Buddhist language. Most of the spoken dialect are Buddhist script. In Tibetan usually writing and spoken are not similar. Holly book of Buddhist dialect had used Hyolmo dialect.
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